This Study Reveals Dads Are Guilty of Gender Bias

From the dad bod and dad jokes to beloved TV dads like Phil Dunphy and Danny Tanner, we’ve got nothing but love for the dude who made growing up way, way easier. But fatherhood has changed over the years — hello, stay-at-home dads! — and that means our understanding of father-kid relationships has shifted too. A new study explores how dads parent their tiny tots, and how those parenting techniques might be affected by the gender of their child.

Researchers from Emory University conducted the study, using an “electronic activated recorder” (EAR) to record interactions between 52 dads and their children in the Atlanta area. The researchers discovered that dads were more attentive to their daughters and spent significantly more time singing or whistling with them, while the dads with sons spent more time engaging in “rough and tumble” play.

Interestingly, the researchers also examined the words that dads used around their children, discovering a significant difference in the conversations between sons and daughters. According to these researchers, dads were more likely to talk about sadness with their daughters, using words like “cry,” “tears,” and “lonely.” Fathers were also more likely to reference their daughter’s body, with words like “belly,” “foot,” and “tummy.” If they were talking to their sons, they were more likely to use achievement words, like “win,” “proud,” and “top.”

The study, published in Behavioral Neuroscience, calls attention to parenting styles and serves as an unfortunate reminder that gender bias isn’t exclusively an academic issue, or even a professional one. With more research, hopefully scientists will be able to come up with parenting techniques to combat these biases and support both boys and girls equally.

What do you think about this study? Tweet us @BritandCo to let us know!

(Photo via Getty)

A lot of people pride themselves on being optimists, and TBH, if you canstay positivewith everything that’s going on in the world today, major props to you. For most people who consider themselves the glass-half-full type, it’s a lifestyle. They try to look at everything that comes their way, from relationship troubles to work mistakes, with a positive spin. But a recent study investigated whether optimists still stay more positive than pessimists when things get really tough, and what they found was pretty surprising.


Scientists analyzed nine previous studies to see how both optimists and pessimists brace themselves for receiving important and potentially negative news, like medical test results. They found that even though people who identify as optimists tend to be more positive in general, they too start assuming the worst as the moment of truth about something important nears. It’s easy to understand this instinct, since some people tend to believe that preparing yourself for the worst will ultimately make it less shocking if it happens. On the other hand, some people would rather stay positive whenever possible, since it’s easier to fight off stress and anxiety when you have a sunny outlook. Here, we’ve gathered some of our favorite expert tips for staying optimistic when you’re dealing with some super hard stuff.

How To Stay Positive

1.Learn to reframe negativity. “The trick to positivity is not avoiding pessimism,” says Elaine Taylor-Klaus, a certified professional coach. “It’s really about how quickly you can redirect your focus from negative to positive. Critical thinkers are going to see problems to be solved, but the ability to ‘reframe’ the conversation is the really important skill for people to practice.” She recommends getting into the habit of acknowledging negative thoughts and then asking, “What else is possible here?” This can guide you back into a positive mindset more quickly.

“Bottom line: Negativity happens,” she says. “Positivity is a choice, and the quicker you learn to reframe, the more time you’ll spend in a positive space. Then, over time, the more likely you are to turn directly to a positive interpretation of events.”

2. Ask yourself if this will matter a month or year from now. Sometimes things seem crucial AF in the moment, but might be inconsequential even just a few days after that. Just think about high school drama. “When we can leave the past behind and even know in the present moment that this feeling won’t last, it can help to remind us that time heals and life goes on,” explainsSharon Stokes, life-fulfillment coach.

3.Give back. Volunteering is an amazing way to change your entire perspective, saysLyssa Menard, a clinical health psychologist, founder of Strategies for Changeand assistant professor at Northwestern University’s medical school. “There are many organizations that don’t require an ongoing commitment, so sign up for an event that’s meaningful. Research shows that giving to others is one of the quickest routes toward happiness. While happiness and positivity are different, they’re correlated,” Lyssa says.

4. Role play to be more objective. Playing a little mind trick on yourself can work wonders, says Lori Scherwin of Strategize That, a career coaching service. “We’re often better at helping others than ourselves,” she notes. “Make the situation more objective and less personal to you. For example, consider if it were anyone else in the situation (like your best friend, partner or colleague). How would you see the same ‘problem?’ What advice might you give them to get out of it?” she asks. This will help you shift from being super hard on yourself to more objective, and most likely, more positive.

5. Make changes to things that are within your control. Spending time worrying about something that you can’t change isn’t really worth the effort. Instead, “Focus on areas where you have agency,” suggests Holly Burton, a career coach for women in male-dominated industries. “You may be stuck in a role you don’t love at work, but you could probably work a few extra hours a week and take on a project that interests you. You could also schedule some proactive meetings with your boss to make an action plan to develop the skills you need to make a lateral move,” she says. In most situations, whether they’re career-related or not, it’s possible to take actions to make things better for yourself.

6. Practice radical acceptance. Some professional coaches suggest trying out the idea of radical acceptance, which is basically accepting the things you cannot change, even if they’re not right or you don’t agree with them.

7.Try this gratitude challenge. First, journal about one event each day for seven days that made you feel happy and/or thankful and include the specifics of why it made you feel that way, going deep into the details. Second, send one random thank you email or text to someone each day, either personally or professionally. This message should include what they did and why it’s worthy of the shout out. Detailed gratitude journals are proven to improve your life satisfaction, so try to stick to a gratitude practice, even in the good times!

What do you do when you’re trying to stay optimistic? Have you tried any of these techniques? Tell us about it @BritandCo!

This article has been updated.

'Tis the season for outdoor entertaining and colorful outdoor decor! A fresh makeover can lift your mood and make you *feel* like you're on vacay, even if the current situation keeps you close to home. Here are colorful accessories and furniture — all $100 and less — to give your yard, deck, balcony a style upgrade.

West Elm Modern Melamine Dinnerware

Add some fun color to your table with a variety of pastel plates and bowls.

Room Essentials Incandescent Outdoor String Lights

Every evening get together needs some lighting! String lights (or fairy lightsif you prefer to call them that) are a great way to add a little bit of light to any space.

Textured Striped Roped Trim Outdoor Pouf

Whether you're birdwatching or delving into your favorite summer read, this is the perfect place to rest your feet.

Sunnydaze Outdoor Resin Hanging Basket Egg Chair

Trade your somewhat uncomfortable outdoor seating with a hanging basket egg chair that will have you taking naps everyday of summer. Talk about cozy outdoor decor!

CB2 Rex Open Weave Outdoor Armchair

Brunch, baby showers, and family reunions deserve cute outdoor seating.

Natalie Catalina For Deny Outdoor Throw Pillow

Throw pillows are one of our favorite ways to add some pizzazz to any space, and these fun picks are no exception.

Modern Round Accent Lightweight Side End Table

We'll take any home decor that's a shade of pink. We love the way the baby pink softens the fun, modern design.

Urban Outfitters Cat Pool Float

We're all smiles this summer, especially when this cute cat inflatable pool is involved!

Threshold 'Here Comes the Sun' Natural Doormat

We all need a reminder to soak up the sun so choose this cute doormat to brighten up your outdoor decor!

West Elm Fluted Acrylic Glassware

Fun colors, silhouettes, and details make this glassware a summery addition to any and every table.

Crate & Barrel Calas White Ceramic Lanterns

If you ask us, it's more important for a lantern to look pretty than provide a ton of light. We're in love with these decorative ceramic ones!

Bright Beige Monstera Hand-Printed Cloth Napkins

Swap your plain napkins for some fun printed ones instead.

Threshold Outdoor Patio Floor Cushion

Floor cushions are a much better alternative to just sitting on the ground, and this fun print makes us love it even more.

Crate & Barrel Metal Bird Indoor/Outdoor Planter

Planters are always a good idea, and this bird one will add extra character to your window sill or table.

Check out our online newsletter for more outdoor decor inspo!

Brit + Co may at times use affiliate links to promote products sold by others, but always offers genuine editorial recommendations.

Additional reporting by Chloe Williams.

This post has been updated.

It's fun to learn more about ourselves and to feel understood — that's why we take personality tests so incessantly. And since we live in an age of increased self-awareness, we can apply those tests to so many things, like our Hogwarts house and makeup preferences. Clearly, knowing thyself has taken on a whole new meaning lately, and we love the things that these tests can tell us — but did you ever wonder how your personality might affect your dreams? In a new study, Best Mattress Brand set out to discover whether specific types of people had particular types of dreams. Read on for their fascinating results.

The test explored each component of the Myers-Briggs types, which can be broken down into eight characteristics:

Extraversion or Introversion: This is the way you focus your energy. Extroverts focus on the outside world, and Introverts focus on their inner world.

Sensing or Intuition: This is the way you process information. Sensing individuals focus on the facts, and Intuitive individuals interpret the facts.

Thinking or Feeling: This is the way you make decisions. Thinkers process decisions logically, and Feelers make decisions with context and emotion in mind.

Judging or Perceiving: This is the lens through which you interpret the world. Judgers prefer decisive action, while Perceivers like to keep their options open.

Together, your individual combination of these eight traits creates your personality type. Given these traits as variables, the study surveyed 1,000 people on their Myers Briggs traits and their sleep habits.

As you'd imagine, there were a lot of discrepancies between Introverts and Extroverts. Interestingly enough, Extroverts are 17.7 percent more satisfied with their levels of energy during waking hours than their introverted counterparts. Perhaps it's because of their dream habits: Extroverts also have 8.3 percent fewer nightmares than Introverts. Extroverts also dream about traveling 13.9 percent more often than Introverts do.

What about the content of these dreams? If you're Intuitive, you're 16.8 percent more likely to dream about being killed than Sensers are. ­Apparently, Intuitive individuals' dreams are more violent across the board: They also dream about getting attacked and “punching something with no effect" more often.

There's also a substantial difference between Thinkers and Feelers when it comes to dreams. The more emotional Feelers dream about getting pregnant more often than Thinkers do, and they dream about their friends more often too. Perhaps Thinkers are just thinking too hard; they talk in their sleep almost 10 percent more than Feelers do.

The Judgers and Perceivers have their differences as well; in fact, Perceivers have night terrors 10.2 percent more often than Judgers, probably due to the fact that they experience reality so deeply.

Does your personality type match up with these findings? Let us know @BritandCo.

(Photo via Brit + Co)

This post has been updated.

From Disney princesses that make us feel beautiful to heroes of all kinds represented on screen, Disney movies make us feel so much bigger than ourselves. Thanks to the D23 Disney expo in Anaheim, California, we know about so many new Disney movies, and we simply cannot contain ourselves. From brand new TV shows to long-awaited films, these Disney movies and new TV shows will have you jumping, singing, and dancing for joy.

New Disney Movies Coming In 2024

Image via Disney Pixar

Inside Out 2 — In Theaters June 14, 2024

Following 2015's Inside Out, all of your favorite characters are back along with the now-teenage Riley. And that means they're going to be joined by the greatest of all teen emotions: anxiety. Watch the Inside Out 2 trailer here.

Image via Marvel Studios

Deadpool 3 — In Theaters July 26, 2024

Ryan Reynolds is back with some kick-butt action alongside Hugh Jackman and...Taylor Swift? Like the majority of Marvel's Phase 5, Deadpool & Wolverine will focus on the consequences of one particular anti-hero's time travel. Watch the Deadpool & Wolverine trailer here.

Image via Walt Disney Studios

Moana 2 — November 27, 2024

Moana's brand new adventure takes her (and Maui, of course) across Oceania to a part of the ocean she's never seen before. Auliʻi Cravalho just confirmed that she's coming back for the sequel, which also features brand new music from TikTok songwriters Barlow & Bear. We can't wait to hear their music! See the Moana 2 first look here.

Image via Disney

Mufasa: The Lion King — In Theaters December 20, 2024

This The Lion King prequel focuses on Rafiki, Timon, and Pumbaa, who tell the story of King Mufasa — and how he became one of the greatest kings the Pride Lands had ever seen — to a young cub.

Image via Disney

Snow White — In Theaters March 21, 2025

This live-action take on Walt Disney's first film stars Rachel Zegler as Snow White and Gal Gadot as the Evil Queen set on taking Snow White's beauty for herself. Not only is the cast amazing, but the film also features classic music and new songs from songwriters Benji Pasek and Justin Paul, who did the music Dear Evan Hansen and La La Land.

More New Disney Movies + Shows To Watch On Disney+

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The Little Mermaid

In this live-action remake of the beloved cartoon, mermaid Ariel (Halle Bailey) longs to be part of the human world and makes a deal with sea witch Ursula in order to leave the sea. Watch The Little Mermaid trailer here.

Image via Disney Pixar

Elemental

Elemental is inspired by real-life immigrants who live together in multicultural neighborhoods, and it explores how fire, water, land, and air residents — including fiery Ember and easy-going Wade — live together in one city. Watch the Elemental trailer here.

Image via Marvel Studios

The Marvels

After 2019's Captain Marvel, Carol Danvers (Brie Larson) joins forces with Monica Rambeau (Teyonah Parris) and Kamala Khan (Iman Vellani) to figure out why using their powers causes them to swap places with one another. Watch The Marvels trailer here.

Image via Disney+

Percy Jackson & the Olympians

This long-awaited series stars Walker Scobell, Aryan Simhadri, and Leah Sava Jeffries. The series follows Percy Jackson after he learns that he's the son of Poseidon and joins other demigods at Camp Half-Blood. Watch the Percy Jackson & The Olympianstrailer and our interview with the cast on YouTube!

Image via Disney+

Andor

This 24-episode Star Wars series (which is set five years before the one-off Rogue One film) follows Cassian Andor (Diego Luna) on a journey of danger and intrigue as he turns into a rebel hero. Watch the Andor trailer here.

Image via Disney+

Hocus Pocus 2

Twenty-nine years after Max lit the Black Flame Candle, the Sanderson sisters are back in Salem, and it's up to three high-schoolers to stop them before dawn breaks on All Hallow's Eve. Rewatch this sequel before Hocus Pocus 3 comes out! Watch the Hocus Pocus 2 trailer here.

Image via Disney+

The Santa Clauses

Picking up after the Santa Claus trilogy, Scott Calvin (Tim Allen) is approaching his 65th birthday and, after he realizes that he can't be Santa forever, he sets out to find the perfect replacement. Watch The Santa Clauses trailer here.

The Whole Family Will Love These New Disney Movies

Image via Disney

Strange World

Strange World follows a family — which includes Jake Gyllenhaal, Dennis Quaid, and Lucy Liu —who, after they discover a new world full of both exciting surprises and danger, must put aside their differences to save it. Watch the Strange World trailer here.

Image via Disney+

Disenchanted

Disenchanted picks up 15 years after Giselle (Amy Adams) and Robert's (Patrick Dempsey) wedding, and Giselle has grown disillusioned. The family decides to move to Monroeville, but the change isn't exactly the fix Giselle's been looking for, prompting her to use magic to set things right. The only problem? She accidentally turns Monroeville into a real-life fairy tale and threatens her family's happiness in the process. Watch the Disenchanted trailer here.

Image via Disney+

Willow

This live-action series returns to the world from the 1988 film, as a new group of heroes sets out to find the sorcerer Willow. Watch the Willow trailer here.

Image via Disney+

National Treasure: Edge of History

Based on the movies of the same name, Jess (Lisette Olivera) and her friends set out on a new treasure hunt to discover the truth about her father. Watch the National Treasure: Edge of History trailer here.

Image via Marvel Studios

Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania

Scott Lang (Paul Rudd) and Hope Van Dyne (Evangeline Lilly) team up with Hope's parents (Michael Douglas and Michelle Pfeiffer) and Scott's daughter (Kathryn Newton) to explore the Quantum Realm and encounter possibilities and dangers they thought were impossible. Watch the Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania here.

Image via Disney+

The Proud Family: Louder and Prouder

The story of Penny Proud (Kyla Pratt) and her family is far from over, and the new season of this series follows all of their antics and adventures. Watch the trailer for season 2 here.

Image via Disney/Paramount/Lucasfilm

Indiana Jones And The Dial Of Destiny

Harrison Ford (who plays the titular character) got misty-eyed while announcing Indiana Jones 5 at the D23 expo. Ford is joined by Fleabag creator and star Phoebe Waller-Bridge, who plays Indiana's goddaughter Helena. Watch the Indiana Jones 5 trailer here.

More New Disney Movies To Watch In 2024

Image via Disney

Win or Lose

This long-form series follows co-ed middle school softball team the Pickles during the week of their championship game. Each episode, which is told with a different visual style, is from the perspective of a different main character.

Image via Disney+

Iwájú

This long-form series — created in collaboration with Kugali, a Pan-African comic book entertainment company — follows Tola, an heiress from the wealthy island in Lagos, and her best friend and tech expert Kole from the mainland. It's full of color and life, and is a love letter to Lagos, Nigeria. Watch the Iwájú trailer here.

Image via Disney+

Peter Pan & Wendy

Starring Alexander Molony as Peter Pan, Ever Anderson as Wendy, Alyssa Wapanâtahk as Tiger Lily, and Jude Law as Captain Hook, Peter Pan & Wendy goes deeper into Wendy's story than ever before as she sets out on a journey to Neverland with Peter. Watch the Peter Pan & Wendy trailer here.

Image via Marvel Studios

Ironheart

Following Black Panther: Wakanda Forever, Riri Williams (Dominique Thorne) returns to the screen, blending magic and tech with her approach to building iron suits. Anthony Ramos costars as Parker Robbins.

Image via Disney

Haunted Mansion

Former Disneyland employee Justin Simien directs this new Disney movie, which focuses on a woman and her son who get a group of spiritual experts to help them clear their home of supernatural spirits. The cast list includes Jamie Lee Curtis, Tiffany Haddish, and Rosario Dawson. Watch the Haunted Mansion trailer here.

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Featured image via Walt Disney Pictures/Disney+/Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.

This post has been updated.

The concept of a spring "refresh" usually comes in the form of spring cleaning, but I think a brand new season totally warrants some brand new home decor! Luckily, the decor at Target right now is perfectly fit for springtime, donning saturated colors and floral patterns. From bedding items that definitely give Anthropologie bedding to sweet-smelling candles that double as centerpieces, the current Target spring decor is just too adorable.

These Target spring decor picks are perfect for sprucing up *all* of your spaces, and the best part is they're all under $100. Score!

Threshold Bold Plaid Square Throw Pillow

Give me all the rainbow plaid this spring! This outdoor-indoor throw pillow is just the piece you need if your couch is craving a pop of color this season. It's crafted using a soft polyester filling and a UV-resistant exterior that helps retain the vibrant colors, even in the sun.

Hilton Carter Terracotta Embossed Ceramic Planter

This planter (available in a small size and a large size) takes your classic terracotta pot up a notch with a bubble design that encapsulates the playful tone of springtime. It's fitted with a single drain hole and a matching saucer for practical plant reasons, but looks so chic whether you display it inside or outside!

DVF for Target Tall Glass Drinkware Set

Got a garden party planned this spring? Bring some eye-catching color to the table with this 4-piece glassware set from the Diane von Furstenberg collection for Target. Now, your spring cocktails (or mocktails) have a proper place to be sipped from!

Threshold Striped Border Doormat

Why greet your guests with a bland doormat? This bold graphic design makes a statement with blocked lettering and a green striped border. It's made from a medium-pile, coarsely-textured material that keeps dirt at bay and makes cleaning easy.

Threshold Boho Sunflower Pillow

This floral pillow is absolutely serving Anthropologie dupe. With intricate flower illustrations and thoughtful stitching throughout, you're getting Anthro quality at a fraction of the price. It's the perfect piece for adding strong spring energy to your bedspread!

Threshold Boho Earthy Vines Quilt

Same thing goes for this adorable boho quilt! The color scheme and stitch work are super reminiscent of what Anthropolgie's doing in their bedding department, and this design instantly warms up your room the same exact way. This quilt, available in sizes full, queen, and king, is actually reversible – it has a yellow side and a nice light blue side that you can play with when you decorate!

Threshold Neroli + Ivy Ceramic Candle

There's nothing like opening up your windows, lighting a candle, and letting the fresh air come in on a sunny spring day. This scented candle (only $10!) that smells like neroli and ivy supplies such a fitting scent for days where you just wanna kick back, relax, and watch the sun calmly trickle in through your window.

Threshold Happy Spring Wall Hanging

Honor the season of blooms with this darling flag that flaunts different designs of springtime, from butterflies to bees. It's *so* cute, you'll wanna hang it up every year!

Threshold Colorful Floral Framed Canvas

Of course, your wall art has to be on-theme with spring! This $45 canvas comes with the entire package – a frame and hanging hardware – to get your gallery wall game going. This way, you can display a bouquet without actually having to buy flowers every week!

Opalhouse Floral Printed Cotton Percale Sheet Set

Complete your spring bed set-up with these sheets dotted with pink and yellow petals! These sheets are made of 100% percale cotton, which ensures softness and breathability with every sleep. The set is available in sizes twin, twin XL, full, queen, and king for just $50, and is shoppable in 3 other color schemes and patterns.

Costway 6 Drawer Rolling Storage Cart

Your home office could *definitely* benefit from a lively color palette, and this practical Target spring decor piece brings it all with added practicality for holding papers, art supplies, cords, and the like. It moves around on lockable rolling wheels if you like to take your work on the go!

Threshold Multi Plaid Napkins

Another amazing Target spring decor piece for tablescapes, these reusable rainbow plaid napkins bring a spirited vibe. They'd be so cute as a wrap for colorful silverware!

Room Essentials Seashell Throw Pillow

This seashell throw pillow works in those vacation vibes without you ever having to leave the house (except to make a Target run, of course)! The pale yellow color is super on-trend this year, and you could even decorate with this piece beyond spring, into summer.

Room Essentials Printed Plush Floral Throw Blanket

Cozy up against this throw blanket that delivers both on comfort and spring colors! You can snag it for just $10 in two different colors – blue or pink – both of which have a variety of different floral prints. When you're not cuddling up, it'll make your sofa or bed look the part for the season.

Threshold Floral Doormat

Make coming home an absolute treat with this floral doormat that boasts every color from an electric chartreuse to a deep purple. ​

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Brit + Co may at times use affiliate links to promote products sold by others, but always offers genuine editorial recommendations.